摘要:隨著第一批7家試點小額貸款公司的成功運作，2008年銀監會和人民銀行聯合發布了《關于小額貸款公司試點的指導意見》（銀監發[2008]23號），之后，小額貸款公司如雨后春筍一般在全國各地涌現。小額貸款公司的應運而生，不僅在一定程度上解決了中小企業融資難的問題，而且也對地方經濟帶來了積極的影響。但在其發展過程中，由于其只放貸不吸收存款的組織特性，小額貸款公司的資金缺位問題一直是遏制其可持續發展、損害其更好地服務于“三農”和中小企業的根源，除此之外，還存在缺乏相應的政策扶持，融資渠道不暢，利潤水平低，未被納入征信體系等方面問題。小額貸款公司性質的不明確是其產生融資問題的本質所在，而小額貸款公司的原始資金不足和后續資金融入不暢是加劇其融資困難的原因所在。本文簡要介紹了小額貸款公司的定義、服務對象及特點、作用，并結合實際，重點分析了小額貸款公司在發展過程中遇到的困難，并提出了相應的解決對策。

關鍵詞：小額貸款公司，融資渠道，經營風險

Abstract: As the first batch of 7 pilot micro-credit company's successful operation in 2008, the CBRC and the people's Bank of China jointly issued" on the small loan company pilot guidance" ( silver hair [2008] 23 date), then, small loan companies such as bamboo shoots after a spring rain in all parts of the country have generally. Small loan company emerges as the times require, not only to a certain extent, solve the financing difficulty of small and medium-sized enterprises, but also on the local economy has brought positive effects. But in its development process, because of its lending not only absorb deposits organization characteristic, the petty loan company's capital vacancy problem is always contain the damage to its sustainable development, to better serve the "three rural" and the small and medium-sized enterprise roots, in addition, also lack the corresponding policy support, financing channel not free, the low level of profits, not be incorporated into the credit system problems. The petty loan company nature uncertainty is the essence of the problem of financing, and the petty loan company's original capital inadequacy and follow-up financing not free is intensifying its financing difficult reason. This paper briefly introduces the definition of small loan companies, service object and the characteristics, function, and combined with the practice, focus on the analysis of the small loan companies in the development process of the difficulties encountered, and provided the corresponding countermeasures.

Key words: small loan company,financing channel,operation risk

在我國，小額貸款公司是“影子銀行”體系里最活躍的新業態之一，對地方的經濟發展具有重要的現實意義，它的存在，不僅架起了民間資金和中小企業之間資金融通的橋梁，而且為民間資金涉足金融開辟了新的途徑，是投資、創業及中小企業的重要融資渠道之一。雖然全國成立的小額貸款公司機構很多，增長速度極快，但受其法定身份、融資渠道、風控手段等多個制約因素影響，仍有許多影響該類機構可持續發展的現實問題亟待研究解決。我國的小額貸款公司必須堅持以市場為基礎的運作方式，努力減少不利因素的影響；將貸款支持和技術服務相結合，實現扶貧、高還貸率和機構持續發展三者的協調，小額貸款公司必將能在中國的金融界實現可持續發展。