摘要:企業(yè)并購(gòu)的稅收籌劃是指在企業(yè)兼并與收購(gòu)過(guò)程中，在不違反法律、法規(guī)的前提下，通過(guò)對(duì)并購(gòu)活動(dòng)的涉稅事項(xiàng)做出事先安排，以達(dá)到少繳稅或遞延納稅目標(biāo)的一系列謀劃活動(dòng)。合理的稅收籌劃不僅可以降低企業(yè)的并購(gòu)成本，實(shí)現(xiàn)企業(yè)并購(gòu)的最大效益；也能促進(jìn)企業(yè)未來(lái)的發(fā)展，對(duì)合并后企業(yè)的生存起著關(guān)鍵作用。因此，并購(gòu)活動(dòng)的加速發(fā)展迫切需要稅收籌劃作為其有力的決策工具。

　　　以我國(guó)現(xiàn)行的會(huì)計(jì)、稅法法規(guī)政策和實(shí)際情況來(lái)講，對(duì)企業(yè)的并購(gòu)活動(dòng)進(jìn)行稅收籌劃，可以從以下幾方面進(jìn)行。首先，分析目標(biāo)企業(yè)所處行業(yè)、財(cái)務(wù)狀況及其享受的稅收優(yōu)惠情況；其次，對(duì)并購(gòu)的支付方式進(jìn)行分析選擇；接著，對(duì)企業(yè)的資本結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行規(guī)劃，從而確定融資方式及其債務(wù)比例；最后，對(duì)目標(biāo)企業(yè)被并購(gòu)后的組織形式進(jìn)行選擇籌劃。在聯(lián)想收購(gòu)IBM時(shí)，正是對(duì)以上稅收籌劃策略的正確使用，才大大減少了并購(gòu)成本，增強(qiáng)了企業(yè)并購(gòu)后的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。

　　　然而，收益與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是并存的整體，對(duì)企業(yè)并購(gòu)活動(dòng)進(jìn)行稅收籌劃會(huì)存在政策、操作、成本效益不匹配及執(zhí)法等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，這就要求籌劃人員應(yīng)及時(shí)、系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)稅收政策，在準(zhǔn)確理解的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行合理預(yù)測(cè)；其次，應(yīng)注重綜合性，全面考慮各個(gè)稅種之間此消彼長(zhǎng)的聯(lián)系，以及籌劃方案對(duì)企業(yè)并購(gòu)后經(jīng)營(yíng)的整體影響和長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)影響；最后，企業(yè)應(yīng)聘請(qǐng)稅收籌劃專(zhuān)家，以確保籌劃方案的權(quán)威性和科學(xué)性，特別是對(duì)企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)起著決定性作用的并購(gòu)活動(dòng)。

關(guān)鍵詞：并購(gòu)；稅收籌劃；策略；聯(lián)想收購(gòu)案

Abstract:Tax planning of enterprise mergers refers to a series of activities, which happens in the process of merger and acquisition, without violating the laws and regulations, through prior arrangements for tax-related matters occurred in the merger and acquisition activities, in order to achieve the goals of less tax or deferred tax. Reasonable tax planning not only reduce the acquisition cost of the enterprise, achieve the biggest benefits of the acquisition, but also promote the future development of the enterprise, play a key role in the enterprise survival after the merge. So, rapid development of Merger activities have an urgent need to make tax planning as its powerful decision-making tools.

　　　To our current policy of accounting, tax law and actual situation speaking, tax planning of enterprise merger activities can be made from the following areas. First, analyze the target enterprise’s industry, financial status and tax benefits; second, analyze and select the payment method of merger; then, plan the enterprise's capital structure, so as to determine the financing ways and the debt ratio; finally, select the target enterprise’s organization form after the merger. It is the correct use of the above tax planning strategies, greatly reduces the merger costs and enhanced the enterprise’s competitiveness when the Lenovo purchased IBM. 

　　　However, proceeds and risk is the coexistence of whole. There will be the policy, operation, benefit not matching cost, and law enforcement risks in the tax planning activities. It requires planner studying tax policy timely and systematically, and gives reasonable forecast on the basis of accurately understanding; secondly, should pay attention to the comprehensiveness, consider all the contact between each tax, and the overall and long-term effect after merger by the planning scheme; finally, the enterprise shall invite tax planning experts to ensure that the planning scheme is authoritative and scientific, especially for the mergers, which play a decisive role in the enterprise management.

Keywords: Merger; Tax Planning; Strategy; Lenovo Deal