譯文（字數 3850）：

全球化及中國的外商直接投資和區域創新

張一、Hein Roelfsema

摘要

本文探討了中國的對外開放和創新差異之間的聯系。1995 - 2010年期間,我們發現區域吸引外國直接投資(FDI)和出口變得更加創新。我們將進一步展示一種全球化u型關系,地區收入水平和創新,低中等收入和最先進的地區從全球化中獲益的增加的創新，更高的中等收入地區從全球化中獲得小的創新。我們提供證據表明,對外商投資的所有權結構的差異和外包驅動結果導致了上述現象的發生。

關鍵詞:全球化，創新，區域發展，中國。

1、介紹

在過去的20年中,中國逐步開放市場,進口和引進外國直接投資(FDI)。自2001年以來,出口導向的增加推動了中國加入世界貿易組織(WTO),進一步支持出口和對外投資流。到目前為止,外商投資的強勁增長及其對國內經濟和社會發展的影響得到了相當大的學術和政策的關注。雖然對外貿易和FDI可以說使數億人擺脫了貧困,有兩個主要的長期擔憂。首先,中國仍被視為世界工廠,將資源集中于低成本生產并重點組裝段供應鏈的地區。一個關鍵問題是隨著時間的推移,中國企業是否能夠通過創新升級他們的能力,使他們能夠提供更高的價值。如果對外開放提高公司和員工的創新能力,這是一個重要的自由化和發展之間的聯系。第二擔心中國的外部經濟開放的放大了跨地區收入差距,最富有的地區也從貿易和外商直接投資獲益最多。從長遠來看,這樣增加了區域性差異提供不可持續的遷移流動和壓力，可能會增加社會不安定。

外文原文（字符數 17007）：

Globalization, Foreign Direct Investment, and RegionalInnovation in China

Yi Zhang and Hein Roelfsema,

This paper explores the connection between the external opening of China and differences in innovation across Chinese regions. For the period 1995–2010, we find that regions that attract inward foreign direct investment (FDI) and exports have become more innovative. Further, we show a U-shaped relation between globalization, regional income levels, and innovation, where both the lower middle-income and the most advanced regions gain from globalization in terms of increased innovation. The higher middle-income regions gain little from globalization in terms of innovation. We provide evidence that differences in ownership structures of foreign investments and outsourcing drive the results.Keywords: Globalization; innovation; regional development; China

.1. Introduction

Over the last 20 years, China has gradually opened its market to imports and inward foreign direct investments (FDI). Since 2001, the increased outward orientation of China is cemented by its entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO), further supporting exports and outward investment flows. To date, the drivers of the strong rise of inward FDI and its effects on domestic economic and social development have received considerable academic and policy attention. Although external trade and FDI arguably have lifted hundreds of millions out of poverty, there are two major long-term concerns. First, China is still seen as the factory of the world, concentrating resources on low cost production with a strong focus on the assembly segment of the supply chain. A key concern is whether over time Chinese firms are able to upgrade their competence through innovation, enabling them to supply inputs with a higher value added, so as to capture a larger share of total revenues in consumer markets. If external opening improves the innovative capabilities of firms and workers, this is an important link between liberalization and development. Second, an oft-voiced concern in Chinais that external opening of the economy magnifies the income disparities acrossregions, as the richest regions are also benefitting most from trade and FDI. In the long run, such increased regional disparities provide pressures for unsustainable migration flows and may add to social unrest.