摘要：肥料作為農業生產、糧食增收的重要貢獻者功不可沒，然而，逐年遞增的施用量、較低的利用率使肥料成為我國環境污染，尤其是水體污染的重要原因之一。本研究利用東昌府區種植業污染源普查數據，采用以面積為權重的加權算術平均法來計算單位面積肥料養分流失量，輸入Arcview3.3，繪制了各鄉鎮TN、TP單位面積流失量及富營養化潛力值的空間分布圖，對東昌府區農田肥料現狀、分布特征及其成因進行了分析，結合聚類分析法，對東昌府區進行農田肥料污染防治區劃，在此基礎上針對各分區特征提出污染防治措施。結果表明：東昌府區農田氮肥普遍過量施用，蔬菜地和園地TN、TP流失量相對較高，農田肥料污染潛力的空間分布與各個鄉鎮的農作物種植結構密切相關；以單位面積污染負荷和種植結構為區劃指標，將東昌府區劃分為重點治理區、一般治理區、重點保護區和一般保護區，提出了推廣測土配方施肥技術、積極開發利用綠肥、發展有機無機復合肥、大力提倡秸稈還田、種植結構合理布局、調整化肥品種結構等技術措施及統籌城鄉環境保護、發展多種形式的適度規模經營、發展多種形式的適度規模經營等政策措施。

關鍵字：東昌府區；肥料污染；空間分布；防治區劃；治理措施

Abstract：Fertilizer contributed significantly to agricultural production and food safety of China. However, high application rate and lower utilization efficiency made fertilizer one of the main pollution sources of China, in particular for water body. This study utilizes the census data of farming pollution sources of Dongchangfu District, uses the area weight of the weighted arithmetic mean to calculate the per unit area of nutrient loss. Then it inputs the per unit area of nutrient loss into Arcview3.3 and gets the spatial distribution of TN, TP loss and eutrophication potential per area. It analyses the current situation, distribution characteristic and causes of field fertilizer of Dongchangfu District, and carries on field fertilizer pollution prevention and control division of Dongchangfu District using cluster analysis. On this basis, it puts forward prevention and control measures according to the characteristics of every district. The result shows that the usage of nitrogen fertilizer is excessive , the losses of TN,TP of vegetable and garden are relatively high, the spatial distribution of field fertilizer pollution potential is closely to the planting structure of every town. Using the pollution load of per unit area and the planting structure as zoning index, the Dongchangfu District is divided into key management area, general management area, key protection area and general protection area. It proposes to promote soil testing and fertilizer technology, the use of green manure, organic and inorganic fertilizer, straw to farmland, planting structure rational distribution, adjusting fertilizer varieties structure and other technical measures and the urban and rural environmental protection, the development of various forms of moderate scale of operation, the development of various forms of moderate scale of operation and other policy measures .

Key words: Dongchangfu District; Fertilizer pollution; Spatial distribution; Prevention division; Control measures