摘要：甲殼素，又名甲殼質(zhì)（Chitin），是地球上除蛋白質(zhì)外數(shù)量最大的含氮的天然有機(jī)化合物，同時也是自然中大量存在的唯一堿性多糖，和其衍生物殼聚糖被譽(yù)為繼蛋白質(zhì)、糖、脂肪、維生素、礦物質(zhì)以外的第六生命要素[1]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)中，在綜述了甲殼素和累托石性能的基礎(chǔ)上，采用凍融技術(shù)制備甲殼、甲殼素/累托石、甲殼素/有機(jī)累托石微球，并通過實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了它們對水中氟離子的吸附特性，主要成果如下：

　　　（1）將甲殼素懸浮于8wt%NaOH/4wt%CO(NH2)2水溶液中，于-20℃下凍融得到甲殼素溶液；以此溶液為基礎(chǔ)，將累托石和有機(jī)累托石按照實(shí)驗(yàn)方案制定的比例混合其中，通過針筒滴入乙酸溶液凝固成型，制備了甲殼素微球和甲殼素/累托石（有機(jī)累托石）微球。紅外光譜和X衍射表征表明，與原始甲殼素微球相比，另外兩種微球由于復(fù)合插層反應(yīng)，結(jié)構(gòu)和性質(zhì)有了很大變化，吸附能力得到了改善。

　　　（2）研究了甲殼素、甲殼素/累托石、甲殼素/有機(jī)累托石微球吸附F-的特性，通過改變吸附劑劑量、溶液的初始氟濃度、甲殼素與累托石（有機(jī)累托石）的質(zhì)量比、吸附時間、pH等條件，研究這些因素對吸附效果的影響。據(jù)觀察，發(fā)現(xiàn)甲殼素/有機(jī)累托石在質(zhì)量比1：0.4，劑量5g/L，初始氟濃度10mg/L，pH為6~7的情況下，除氟效果最佳，最大吸附量為1.80g/G，甲殼素/有機(jī)累托石微球在5h左右能夠達(dá)到吸附平衡，快于另外兩種微球，并且三種復(fù)合微球在吸附過程中受pH和陰離子存在的影響很明顯，酸度過大時，大量H+與F-形成HF，降低F-濃度，堿度過大時，過多的OH-利用親和優(yōu)勢與F-形成競爭吸附。陰離子存在的溶液pH偏堿性，因此大大降低了除氟效果。

關(guān)鍵詞：甲殼素；累托石；有機(jī)累托石；除氟；吸附劑劑量；質(zhì)量比；pH

Abstract：Chitin，is the highest concentrations of Nitrogen-containing natural organic compounds except protein． Chitin and its derivatives，known as the sixth element of life， protein，sugar，fat，vitaminns，minerals，other than．In this work，the applicability of chitin，chitin/rectorite and chitin/organic rectorite as adsorbents for the removel of excess fluoride of water was studied． 

Results：

(1)Chitin solubled in 8wt%NaOH/4wt%CO(NH2)2 aqueous solution，freeze-thaw at -20℃ to prepare chitin solution．This solution mixed with rectorite，to prepare chitin microspheres and a series of chitin-montmorillonite microspheres．IR spectra and X-ray diffraction characterization showed that in the composite microspheres，the chitin layer into the montmorillonite between then existence of strong interaction．

(2)The effects of various physico-chemical parametes such as pH，adsorbent dose，initial fluoride concentration and the presence of interfering ions on adsorption of fluoride were studied．It was observed that the uptake of fluoride was maximum at original pH (pH 6~7)，acid and alkali environment will significantly reduce the adsorption，and the dosage of 5g/L is best．The rate of adsorption was rapid and maximum fluoride uptake was attained within 8h．By observation，when the mass ratio of chitin and organic rectorite is 1：0.4，the adsorption of the material is the highest．

Key words：chitin，rectorite，fluoride removal，dose，materials ratio of quality， pH，adsorption rate