摘要

磷酸作為一種重要的化工商品，也是制取各種磷化工產(chǎn)品和高濃度磷肥不可缺少的化工原料，在無(wú)機(jī)化工中占有舉足輕重的地位。熱法磷酸是在一定溫度下，用碳還原磷礦中的磷，即先制備為單質(zhì)磷——黃磷，再用黃磷氧化吸收生成磷酸。由于其低污染、節(jié)約生產(chǎn)成本、產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)高、資源可再生等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，目前世界對(duì)熱法磷酸的需求正在不斷增長(zhǎng)。本設(shè)計(jì)重點(diǎn)在于特種燃燒爐的設(shè)計(jì)與校核，該爐體為圓柱型結(jié)構(gòu)，且被上升管所包圍，安裝磷噴槍的爐體采用水箱式結(jié)構(gòu)，上封頭采用錐形內(nèi)封頭外加冷卻水箱結(jié)構(gòu)，下封頭采用雙層橢圓封頭結(jié)構(gòu)，整個(gè)爐體采用裙座支撐。本設(shè)計(jì)在基本參數(shù)給定的情況下，先后進(jìn)行了磷的燃燒計(jì)算，熱平衡計(jì)算，外混式燃磷塔噴嘴計(jì)算，鍋筒強(qiáng)度校核，集箱強(qiáng)度校核，水循環(huán)計(jì)算和對(duì)流受熱面相關(guān)計(jì)算。最終確定各種尺寸參數(shù)，進(jìn)行爐體、汽包、冷卻水箱、燃燒器、上下集箱的結(jié)構(gòu)繪圖。

關(guān)鍵字：磷酸；熱法磷酸；磷燃燒計(jì)算；熱平衡計(jì)算；噴嘴計(jì)算；強(qiáng)度校核；水循環(huán)計(jì)算；結(jié)構(gòu)繪圖

Abstract：Phosphoric acid is not only an important chemical commodity, but also an essential chemical raw materials of making all kinds of chemical products and high concentration phosphate fertilizer, it also plays a decisive role in Inorganic chemistry. thermal phosphoric acid is the way which makes Elemental phosphorus (yellow phosphorus) as raw materials and then generate phosphate by the combustion oxidation, hydration and absorption. The burning phosphorus furnace can absorb the generated heat based on improving the efficiency of production of phosphoric acid. In today's energy saving policies, it is of great significance. The case focuses on the design and verification of special combustion furnace. the furnace is a cylindrical structure, and the rising pipe is Membrane wall, the furnace body to install burners uses the structure with water tank type. The top gland uses cone-shape inner gland in addition to the structure of the cooling water. The bottom gland uses the double layer Butterfly gland structure. The entire furnace body is supported by the group place. Under the basic parameters of a giving case , the design has taken phosphorus combustion calculation, heat balance calculation, spray nozzle calculation of the phosphoric acid tower, drum strength calculation , water cycle calculation and the calculation of a superheater. Ultimately, in order to taking the structure drawing of furnace, boiler, cooling water tank, burner, superheater, all the parameters of various sizes should be determined.

Key words：Phosphoric acid  thermal phosphoric acid  phosphorus combustion calculation  heat balance calculation  spray nozzle calculation  strength calculation  water cycle calculation  superheater calculation structure drawing