摘要:本研究的主要目的是探討幼兒園階段幼兒承諾責(zé)任心發(fā)展的程度，研究對象分別為小、中、大班幼兒。通過自編的三個關(guān)于承諾責(zé)任心的故事對小、中、大班中選取的30名幼兒進行半結(jié)構(gòu)訪談。結(jié)果表明：幼兒對社會規(guī)則的理解和認識以及對人類關(guān)系中平等、互惠的關(guān)心取決于幼兒的道德認知水平的發(fā)展。小、中、大班幼兒承諾責(zé)任心發(fā)展存在年齡差異而不存在性別差異；大班幼兒承諾責(zé)任心發(fā)展在角色轉(zhuǎn)換中存在著差異；幼兒的道德認知發(fā)展隨著年齡而經(jīng)歷前道德、他律到自律的階段序列。

關(guān)鍵詞:幼兒；責(zé)任心；承諾；移情

Abstract:The author intends to discuss to which degree the children will promise to take responsibilities when they are in the kindergarten, and the target objects of the research can be divided into three parts: the children in the junior, middle and senior stages. This writing tries to interview the 30 sample children chosen from the three different stages by means of telling three stories about responsibility. The result indicates that children’s understanding and cognition of social rules as well as their concerns about the fair and reciprocal relationships of humans mainly depends on their development of both the morality and cognition level. What’s more, there are not differences in this aspect in different genders but they do have differences in different stages. Also, from the research audience can find the difference in the change of roles in the stores among the children at the senior stage, which does exist in the two other stages. From the above, it can be concluded that the development of morality and cognition grows as the children get older.

Key words:children; responsibility; promises; empathy

　　日常生活中，言而有信是人與人之間關(guān)系的一條普遍責(zé)任原則。我們應(yīng)該都能認識到，我們有各種各樣的責(zé)任和義務(wù)需要去履行。責(zé)任有很多，例如：遵守許諾的責(zé)任，誠實的責(zé)任，因為從別人那里得到好處而感激他人的責(zé)任，自我改進的責(zé)任以及不做壞事的責(zé)任等等。這些責(zé)任都是存在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹赖轮械模芏鄷r候?qū)τ谝患滤龀龅哪撤N行為結(jié)果，想不出一個要做的理由，但是我們又是必須要去做的，因為這已被責(zé)任和義務(wù)所影響。責(zé)任心是指一個人對事情能敢于負責(zé)、主動負責(zé)的態(tài)度。幼兒的責(zé)任心主要表現(xiàn)為:能認真完成成人交給的任務(wù),對同伴和集體的事認真負責(zé)等等。幼兒責(zé)任心發(fā)展是兒童社會性人格發(fā)展研究的一個重要領(lǐng)域。現(xiàn)在的幼兒責(zé)任心的現(xiàn)狀又是如何呢?在幼兒園中，幼兒許諾我們常常會碰到，他們會有承諾這種責(zé)任行為，也就說明在在幼兒園階段兒童的責(zé)任心已得到發(fā)展。但是雖然有了承諾這種行為，卻常常也有幼兒沒有去實施這些承諾。所以，本研究將試圖研究責(zé)任中的信守承諾這一行為，對象為3—6、7歲幼兒，內(nèi)容有：幼兒的責(zé)任心是如何發(fā)展的；幼兒的承諾責(zé)任心水平在角色上是否存在差異性；幼兒的承諾責(zé)任心是否存在性別差異等的研究。