摘 要:隨著社會經(jīng)濟的高速增長，在城市人口高速增長的同時，城市居民出行量迅速提高，造成交通擁擠。而城市公共交通系統(tǒng)的順暢與否直接影響著城市經(jīng)濟運行的效率和市民生活的品質(zhì)。因此，各國政府紛紛增加城市公共交通的投入，但是，巨額財政投入并不是一般大中城市都能獲得的。在我國現(xiàn)行城市公共交通車輛調(diào)度方法普遍落后，造成了有限的資源大量浪費的前提下，探索城市公共交通車輛優(yōu)化調(diào)度管理方法，從“軟件”入手提高現(xiàn)有城市公共交通的效率具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。

    遺傳算法作為一種借鑒生物界自然選擇和自然遺傳機制的高度并行、自組織、自適應(yīng)的搜索算法，由于其隱含并行性和收斂的全局性兩大顯著特點，使其尤其適用于處理傳統(tǒng)搜索方法難于解決的復(fù)雜問題。模擬退火算法是模擬加熱熔化金屬的退火過程，在某一初始溫度下，伴隨溫度參數(shù)的不斷下降，結(jié)合概率的突跳特性在解空間中隨機尋找目標函數(shù)的全局最優(yōu)解．即在局部最優(yōu)解時能概率性地跳出并最終趨于全局最優(yōu)。

　　　公交車輛的最佳分配是公交企業(yè)運營的核心內(nèi)容，關(guān)系到公交企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟效益與社會效益。本文兼顧乘客與公交公司的利益，通過模糊函數(shù)分別針對顧客和公司定義了其滿意度，使定性的滿意度有了定量的表達方式，在此基礎(chǔ)上構(gòu)建了數(shù)學模型，并針對所給出的數(shù)據(jù)和條件，通過遺傳算法進行求解。

關(guān)鍵字：遺傳算法  數(shù)學建模  最佳分配

Abstract:With the rapid growth of socio-economic, rapid growth in the urban population, urban trips rapid increase, resulting in traffic congestion. While the smooth urban public transport system or a direct impact the urban economic operation efficiency and the quality of life of the people. Therefore, governments have increased investment in urban public transport, however, the huge financial investment is not large and medium-sized cities can be obtained. Under the premise of China's current urban public transport vehicle scheduling method generally lag behind, causing a lot of waste of limited resources, to explore the city's public transport optimizing scheduling management approach, from the start of the software to improve the efficiency of the existing urban public transport has an important practical significance.

　　　Genetic algorithm as the height of a draw on natural selection and natural genetic mechanism parallel, self-organizing, adaptive search algorithm, due to its implicit parallelism and convergence of global two notable features, making it ideal for processing traditional search method is difficult to solve complex problems. The simulated annealing algorithm is simulated heating the molten metal in the annealing process, one of the initial temperature, accompanied by declining temperature parameters, the sudden jump characteristics of the combination of the probability of randomly in the solution space to find the target function global optimal solution. The probabilistic escape local optimal solution and eventually tends to the global optimum.

　　　The best allocation of public transport vehicles is the core content of the bus business operations, related to the economic and social benefits of public transport enterprises. In this paper, taking into account the interests of the passengers and the bus company, ambiguity function for each of the customer and the company defines its satisfaction, qualitative satisfaction with the quantitative expression, the mathematical model is built on this basis, and for given data and conditions, by genetic algorithm to solve it.

Keywords: genetic algorithms  mathematical modeling  optimal allocation