摘要:刑事責(zé)任能力作為定罪體系的一個基本要素，決定了行為人的行為是否構(gòu)成犯罪以及行為人如何承擔(dān)刑事責(zé)任，因此在刑法理論體系中占據(jù)極其重要的地位。本文以刑事責(zé)任能力為主題，以國內(nèi)刑法學(xué)界對刑事責(zé)任能力的不同認(rèn)識為基礎(chǔ)，對刑事責(zé)任能力的概念進(jìn)行界定。年齡、精神障礙都會影響人的辨認(rèn)能力和控制能力，所以它們都是法定的影響刑事責(zé)任能力的基本因素，但在我國立法上還需要進(jìn)一步的完善。醉酒狀態(tài)雖然不被我國立法認(rèn)為可以影響刑事責(zé)任能力，但從實(shí)踐上看，還應(yīng)當(dāng)區(qū)分不同情況下的醉酒人的刑事責(zé)任能力。這些都是本文所討論的。

關(guān)鍵詞：刑事責(zé)任能力；年齡；精神障礙；醉酒

Abstract:As the essential of the system of criminating, the capacity of criminal responsibility decide whether a man commit a crime and how to assume what kind of criminal responsibility, so the capacity of criminal responsibility is very important in the system of criminal theory. Based on the domestic different understanding of the responsibility of criminal, the primary topic of the text is the capacity of criminal responsibility , which will define the concept of the capacity of criminal responsibility. Age, obstacle of energy can influence the ability of identification and control, so they are legal basic influencing factors of the capacity of criminal responsibility, but a farther improvement should be taken in lawmaking. Drunken does not be consider of the influencing factor of the capacity of criminal responsibility, but in practice the capacity of criminal responsibility of drunken man should be taken into account in different instance. These are the questions the text will discuss.

Key words: Capacity for criminal responsibility；Age；Obstacle of energy；Drunken

　　　刑事責(zé)任能力制度在現(xiàn)代各國刑法中均不可或缺，刑事責(zé)任能力是刑法理論中一個非常重要的問題，是犯罪主體的核心和關(guān)鍵要件，是行為人實(shí)施行為時犯罪能力與承擔(dān)刑事責(zé)任能力的統(tǒng)一，也是其辨認(rèn)行為能力與控制行為能力的統(tǒng)一，對于犯罪主體的成立與否以及對行為人的定罪量刑具有至關(guān)重要的作用。在現(xiàn)代法治國家，懲罰犯罪與保障人權(quán)兩者應(yīng)當(dāng)有機(jī)結(jié)合。而要實(shí)現(xiàn)這一結(jié)合，讓犯罪者得到應(yīng)有之懲治、普通民眾基本權(quán)利得到應(yīng)有之保障，合理的刑事責(zé)任能力制度顯得尤為重要。