摘要：隨著改革開放的不斷深入，經(jīng)濟全球化發(fā)展迅猛，企業(yè)在各項經(jīng)濟活動中面臨著市場信息和資源配置等要素帶來的諸多不確定因素。財務分析的基本功能是將大量的報表數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換成對特定決策有用的信息，以減少決策的不確定性。在各項經(jīng)濟決策中企業(yè)勢必要結(jié)合一些財務指標，以此作為決策的依據(jù)，但是，現(xiàn)行財務分析指標存在諸多局限性，沒有更深入地研究指標各要素的構(gòu)成，也沒有充分利用會計報表所提供的信息資料，更無法適應各種特殊經(jīng)營類型的企業(yè)，無法很好地反映企業(yè)的發(fā)展運行情況，造成會計信息失真，從而誤導信息使用者做出錯誤決策。本文主要采用實證分析和綜合對比相結(jié)合的研究方法，參考國內(nèi)外一些成熟的財務分析理論，從企業(yè)盈利能力分析、運營能力分析和償債能力分析三個方面，從企業(yè)的財務指標入手，研究其含義與構(gòu)成，找出其局限性，進而對各指標進行相應的完善，并充分利用現(xiàn)金流量表進行補充，最后結(jié)合企業(yè)報表，對改進前后指標進行計算比較，以增強財務指標的使用價值，提高信息使用者的決策效率。

關(guān)鍵詞：財務報表分析；財務指標；局限性；完善

Abstract：With the reform and development, economic globalization is developing rapidly. Enterprises face a lot of uncertain factors like market information and allocation resources and so on in the economic activities. The basic function of the financial analysis is put a large number of report date into information which is useful to particular decision, and in order to reduce uncertainty of the decision. In each of economic decisions, it surely will combine with some financial indicators, however, current financial indicators have a lot of limitations, which don’t in-depth study of the elements of each indicators, causing accountant information distorted, can’t adapt to various special types of management of enterprises and can’t well reflect the development situation, so what it may misleading information users make the wrong decision. This discourse mainly uses the research method combining with empirical analysis and comprehensive comparison and references some domestic and foreign mature financial analysis theory, then research the financial indicators from three aspects which are profitability analysis, operation efficiency analysis and solvency analysis, study their meaning and form, find out its limitations, and then improve them and supply new indicators making full use of the cash flow table. At last, calculate and compare of the indicators combining financial reporting of the enterprise by way of enhancing its value and efficiency of decision.

Key words: financial statement analysis; financial indicators; limitation; improvement