摘要:文章研究《專業方向實驗Ｉ》中的實驗果膠的提取，在原果膠提取實驗中學生的提取率低，果膠品質不佳，實驗不成功。文章通過研究、改進實驗手段，從而得到更高產率和更高質量的果膠，提高教學質量。在原實驗基礎上，對酸提取法進行研究改進，把單一的鹽酸提取改為鹽酸與草酸的混酸溶液提取，除去活性炭脫色，用無水乙醇沉淀法分離，增加無水乙醇的洗滌次數為3次。通過單因素實驗，考察水浴溫度、保溫時間、混酸 (HCl-H2C2O4)調節的提取液的pH值、料液比四個因素對果膠提取率的影響，并對單因素實驗的因素進行正交優化。結果表明：以處理過的新鮮柑橘皮為原料，按1:5 (g/mL)的料液比加入蒸餾水，用混酸 (HCl-H2C2O4)調節提取液的pH值到2，100℃水浴保溫50min后，采用無水乙醇沉淀法提取果膠，提取出的果膠再用無水乙醇洗滌，放入60℃-70℃烘箱烘干即得果膠成品。改進后的實驗方法提高果膠的提取率平均在30%，提高了得率，簡化了實驗步驟。

關鍵詞：果膠；混酸提??；乙醇沉淀；提取率

Abstract:Articles in the study of the specialization experiment I experimental extraction of pectin in the same low rate of extraction of pectin extraction experiment of middle school students, poor quality pectin, experiment was not successful. Means of article improvement through research, experimentation, resulting in higher yield and better quality of pectin, improving the quality of teaching. In the original experiment, based on studies on acid-extraction method to improve, hydrochloric acid extraction from single to a mixture of hydrochloric acid and oxalic acid solution, get rid of decoloration, separated by ethanol precipitation, ethanol increase washing times for 3 times. By orthogonal experiments to study the water bath temperature and holding time, mixed acid (hydrochloric acid - oxalic acid), adjust the pH value, extract liquid effect than the four factors on extraction of pectin and orthogonal optimization experimental factors on the single factor. Results indicates that: to processing had of fresh orange skin for raw materials, by 1:5 (g/mL) of material liquid than joined distilled water, with mixed acid (hydrochloric acid - oxalic acid) regulation extraction liquid of pH value to 2,100 ℃ water bath insulation 50min housed no water ethanol precipitation method extraction pectin, extraction out of pectin then with no water ethanol washing, into 60 ℃- 70 ℃ oven drying is was pectin finished. Improved experimental method to increase the rate of extraction of pectin from 30%, the average, raising rates, simplifies the experimental steps.

Keywords: Pectin；Mixed acid extraction；Ethanol precipitation；Extraction rate