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折扣與優(yōu)惠:團(tuán)購(gòu)最低可5折優(yōu)惠 - 了解詳情 | 論文格式:Word格式(*.doc) |
摘要:我國(guó)的新會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則《企業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則第 1 號(hào) - 存貨》第十四條規(guī)定:企業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)采用先進(jìn)先出法、加權(quán)平均法或個(gè)別計(jì)價(jià)法確定發(fā)出存貨的成本。即新準(zhǔn)則將存貨發(fā)出成本確定的方法僅包括先進(jìn)先出法、加權(quán)平均法和個(gè)別計(jì)價(jià)法三種方法,與存貨準(zhǔn)則 (指2001年11 月發(fā)布的《企業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則 - 存貨》)不同的是取消了后進(jìn)先出法。 本文提出在不同的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境下,運(yùn)用不同的存貨計(jì)價(jià)方法對(duì)企業(yè)營(yíng)業(yè)利潤(rùn)和所得稅產(chǎn)生不同影響的問(wèn)題,通過(guò)對(duì)其進(jìn)行對(duì)比和分析,并且提出在物價(jià)上漲、物價(jià)下跌情況下,選擇何種存貨計(jì)價(jià)方法更具節(jié)稅意義。 關(guān)鍵詞: 先進(jìn)先出法,加權(quán)平均法,個(gè)別計(jì)價(jià)法,營(yíng)業(yè)利潤(rùn),所得稅
Abstract:China's new accounting standards of the accounting standards for enterprises no. 1-inventories of the provisions of article 14: enterprise shall be the fifo, weighted average method and specific identification method is used to determine the cost of a stock. That is the new standard will inventory cost a method of determining the only includes fifo, weighted average method and specific identification method three methods, and inventory criteria (in November 2001 to the release of the accounting standards for enterprises-inventory ") different is cancelled lifo. This paper put forward in different market environment, use different inventory valuation methods of enterprise business profits and income tax have different influence, through the contrast and analysis, and put forward in the rise in price, the price will go down, choose which inventory valuation methods more tax savings significance. Keywords: fifo weighted average method, specific identification method, operating profit, the income tax
存貨是企業(yè)很重要的一項(xiàng)資產(chǎn),所占的比重比較大,因此,理選擇存貨的計(jì)價(jià)方法對(duì)企業(yè)的經(jīng)營(yíng)成果有著很重要的影響。發(fā)出存貨計(jì)價(jià)方法的不同,對(duì)企業(yè)的財(cái)務(wù)狀況、企業(yè)價(jià)值、納稅和現(xiàn)金流量、管理人員業(yè)績(jī)、盈虧情況會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同的影響。不管企業(yè)使用的是何種存貨計(jì)價(jià)方式,也不管企業(yè)何時(shí)購(gòu)進(jìn)貨物,企業(yè)的所有存貨成本都會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)變銷貨成本。所以,從長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看,企業(yè)不管是采取何種計(jì)價(jià)方式,幾個(gè)會(huì)計(jì)期的存貨成本、銷貨成本、利潤(rùn)、所得稅、現(xiàn)金流入量等都不會(huì)有差異。但,在短期內(nèi),特別是在物價(jià)不斷變化的環(huán)境下,不同的存貨計(jì)價(jià)方式將得出不同所得稅應(yīng)繳額。所以,根據(jù)市場(chǎng)的實(shí)際狀況選擇合適的計(jì)價(jià)方法對(duì)存貨進(jìn)行計(jì)量將可能達(dá)到避稅的效果,從而減輕企業(yè)的稅負(fù),最終使得企業(yè)的凈利潤(rùn)得到提高。
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