內容摘要：我國《反壟斷法》第五條指出：“經營者可以通過自由競爭、自愿聯合，依法實施集中，擴大經營規模，提高市場競爭力。”本條是關于鼓勵經營者合法集中，保護規模經濟的原則。因為規模經濟自身存在著極大的優勢，可以提高企業乃至全社會的經濟效益。但是規模經濟進一步發展將會導致壟斷產生，這就是所謂的“馬歇爾沖突”。第五條作為《反壟斷法》的總則性條款，其影響力輻射至分則各個部分，表明了整部《反壟斷法》對于經營者集中和規模經濟的立場和態度。第五條精神對于《反壟斷法》的貫徹實施具有重要的地位、價值和作用。它向我們闡釋了在我國獨特的市場經濟背景之下，應該如何正確對待規模經濟和壟斷的沖突。

關鍵詞：反壟斷法  第五條  規模經濟  壟斷  經營者集中  

Abstract: According to article 5 of our state’s anti-monopoly legislation, through free competition and voluntary alliance, operators have the right to concentrate, expand the scope of operation and improve market competitiveness within the limit of law. This article is the principle about protecting operators’ legitimate concentration and encouraging economies of scale. The scale economy, existing huge advantages itself, can benefit the economy of enterprises as well as the whole society. However, the further development of scale economy will lead to monopoly, which is the so-called "Marshall conflict". Article 5, as the general term of the anti-monopoly law, on structure and content, shows the attitude of the whole anti-monopoly legislation towards concentration and economies of scale. Article 5 is of great significance to the implementation of the anti-monopoly law, which further explains to us how to tackle the conflict between scale economy and monopoly against the background of our unique market economy.

Key words: anti-monopoly legislation, article 5, scale economy, monopoly, operators’ concentration