摘要:近年來，隨著我國城市數量的增長和城市規模的擴大，數量龐大的城市垃圾給城市及周邊的生態環境造成了沉重的壓力，中國每年產生約1.5億噸的城市垃圾，而且隨著經濟的發展和人民生活水平的提高，城市垃圾的產生量正以每年8﹪～10﹪的高速率增長[1]，但我國的生活垃圾處理水平較低，85%的垃圾進行垃圾填埋處理[2],垃圾的歷年堆存量已達60多億噸，侵占土地面積約5億平方米。目前，全國有200多座城市陷入垃圾的包圍之中，有1/4的城市已發展到無適合場所堆放垃圾[3]。城市生活垃圾的處理，關系到保護和改善生活和生態環境，防治污染，改變傳統發展模式，是經濟發展和環境保護相協調的重要內容[4]。

　　　本文在系統收集和認真閱讀大量國內外有關資料文獻的基礎上，通過實驗、分析和評述，以南京師范大學紫金校區為實地調查研究對象，進行垃圾箱的利用情況和現場收集垃圾、垃圾分類與稱重及人流量的調查。借鑒國內外固體廢棄物管理的經驗，結合南京師范大學紫金校區的固體廢棄物管理情況，提出改善校區環境污染的相關措施。主要結論如下：

　　　1、由宿舍區的垃圾成分分析，主要垃圾成分包括塑料、金屬、紙類；其中塑料所占比例為51%、紙類所占比例為37%、金屬所占比例為7%，還含有少量的廚余。針對于宿舍區垃圾成分的情況，塑料的成分含量比較高，可以把宿舍區的垃圾采用資源回收利用的方式來進行處理。

　　　2、由教學區的垃圾成分分析，主要垃圾成分塑料、金屬、紙類、廚余等；其中金屬所占的比例為40%、紙類所占比例為25%、塑料所占比例為21%、

　　　廚余所占比例為14%。針對于教學區垃圾成分的情況，金屬的成分含量比較高，可以把教學區的垃圾采用資源回收利用的方式來進行處理。

　　　3、由居民區的垃圾成分分析，主要垃圾成分塑料、金屬、紙類、廚余等；其中廚余所占的比例為51%、金屬所占比例為20%、塑料所占比例為17%、紙類所占比例為12%。針對于居民區垃圾成分的情況，廚余的成分含量比較高，除了可以把居民區垃圾采用資源回收利用的方式來進行處理之外，針對于廚余含量很高的垃圾可以采用填埋的方式使得廚余中的有機物通過微生物的作用產生甲烷氣體，用來發電發熱，達到資源化利用。

關鍵詞：固體廢棄物  處理  環境

Abstract:In recent years, with the number of urban growth and urban expansion, a huge number of municipal waste to the city and the surrounding ecological environment of the heavy pressure, China produces about 150 million ton per year of municipal waste. 

　　　what's more, as development of the economy and people's living standards, generation of municipal solid waste at an annual 8% to 10% of the high rate of growth [1], but the municipal solid waste is at lower levels, 85% of the garbage is using landfill disposal [2 ], so the stock pile of garbage over the years has reached more than 60 million ton, occupied land area of ??about 500 million m2.Currently, more than 200 cities across the country surrounded by garbage, 1/4 of the cities has no suitable place to pile up the development of waste [3].The processing of municipal solid waste, related to the protection and improvement of living and ecological environment. Preventing pollution, changing the traditional development model is an important thing which coordinates the economic development and the environmental protection [4].

　　　Based on the systematic collection and read a large number of domestic and international literature, through experiments, analysis and comment, Zijin Campus of Nanjing Normal University study for the field investigation, the utilization of the bins and on-site waste collection, waste separation and Weighing and human traffic survey. Solid waste from domestic and foreign management experience, combined with Nanjing Normal University, Zijin Campus, solid waste management, to improve campus environmental pollution-related measures. The main conclusions are as follows:

　　　1、 by quarters of the waste composition analysis, the main waste components, including plastic, metal, paper; which accounted for 51% of plastic, paper accounted for 37%, metals accounted for 7%, also contains a small amount of The kitchen. Elements in the dormitory area for the case of garbage, plastic ingredients are relatively high, the garbage can dormitory recycling by way of resources for processing.

　　　 2、by the teaching area of the waste composition analysis, the main component of plastic waste, metal, paper, food waste, etc.; in which the proportion of metal is 40%, accounted for 25% of paper, plastics accounted for 21% , The proportion of food waste is 14%. In the teaching area for the case of waste composition, the composition of the metal content is relatively high; you can use the resources of the dormitory area of the waste recycling approaches to treatment.

　　　 3、the garbage from the residential component analysis, the main component of plastic waste, metal, paper, food waste, etc; in which the proportion of food waste, 51%, accounted for 20% of metal, plastics accounted for 17% , Paper accounted for 12%. For the case in the residential waste composition, the composition of food waste with high content, in addition to the dormitory area of ??the recycling of garbage by way of resources for processing, the high content of kitchen waste for the garbage can compost the way Organic kitchen waste makes the role of microorganisms produced by methane gas, used to generate heat, to resource utilization.

Keywords: Solid waste, Disposal, Environment