摘要:氮素是構成一切生命體的重要元素，以不同形態存在于大氣圈、巖石圈、生物圈和水圈中。近年來，氮素對全球環境變化的重要影響日益凸顯，研究領域涉及水、土、氣、生。為了描述陸地生態系統氮循環過程、模擬氣候變化和人類活動對氮循環過程的影響，本課題選定典型生態系統類型（濕地），實地測量植被氮庫、土壤氮庫和氮的流失量，搜集氮循環模型，根據輸入、輸出研究影響氮循環的因素和相關過程的空間分布規律，為從源頭上解決水體富營養化問題提供必要且有效的技術保障，取得良好的經濟效益和社會效益。

關鍵詞：人工濕地，氮循環，模擬，脫氮技術

Abstract:Nitrogen is an important element in all organisms, existing as different forms in the atmosphere, lithosphere, biosphere and hydrosphere. In recent years, the effects of nitrogen on global changes have become obvious increasingly. Many studies focused on the investigation of water, soil, atmospheric and biological. In order to describe the process of nitrogen transformation in terrestrial ecosystems, simulate climate change and impacts of human activities on the nitrogen transformation, this paper measured the nitrogen concentration in the plants, soil, waters and so on in the constructed wetlands. According to the nitrogen transformation models studied in literatures, a modified model was constructed based on the input and output nitrogen concentration in the ecosystems. Some factors affecting the nitrogen transformation were compared. This study may be helpful for solving the problem of Lake Eutrophication and achieving good economic and social benefits.

Keywords: Constructed wetland, Nitrogen transformation, Simulation, Nitrogen removal

　　　人工濕地是指人工建造和監督控制的，類似于沼澤的地面，其設計是通過對濕地自然生態系統中的物理、化學和生物作用的優化組合，利用這3種作用的協調關系來實現污水的凈作用。水體、基質、植物和微生物是構成人工濕地污水處理系統的4個基本要素。基質在為植物和微生物提供生長介質的同時，也能夠通過沉淀、過濾和吸附等作用直接去除污染物。大型濕地植物既是微生物的 “固定化載體”，氧氣的生產和運輸“機器”，同時還能夠穩固濕地床表面，起到冬季保溫和支撐冰面的作用。微生物是消除污染物的作用者，它能夠在去除氮、磷等營養物的同時把有機質作為豐富的能源轉化為營養物質和能量。