摘要:目前反滲透系統中泵的運行壓力很高，通常在1.8Mpa以上，能耗較高且運行的安全性和可靠性較低。同時，壓力越高，膜的壓密化越嚴重，而且是不可逆的。因此，在滿足設備出力和水質的條件下降低反滲透的運行壓力，對于延長膜的壽命、節能降耗和提高設備運行的安全性和可靠性都具有十分重要意義。

　　　本文通過實驗研究了進水溫度和操作壓力對反滲透運行效果的影響。設計進水水質分別為自來水，CaCl2溶液，NaCl溶液和NaHCO3溶液，調節進水溫度分別為20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃，操作壓力分別為0.5MPa，0.7MPa，0.9Mpa及1.1Mpa，研究了各操作條件下產水量、回收率、脫鹽率的變化規律，得出結論：進水溫度升高，回收率增加，產水量增加，脫鹽率的下降；壓力的升高，回收率增加，產水量增加，脫除鹽率升高。

　　　根據實驗結論，本文設計了一套10m3/h的太陽能反滲透系統，并計算了各部分參數。系統中利用太陽能適當提高反滲透進水溫度，在不減少產水量的條件下降低反滲透運行壓力，降低電耗，提高設備運行的安全性和可靠性。凈化后的水質可以滿足鍋爐補給水的要求，且水溫較高，可以減少用來加熱鍋爐補給水的標準煤量，從而減少煤燃燒產生的煙塵、二氧化硫、二氧化碳等環境污染物，具有良好的環境效益、經濟效益和社會效益。

關鍵詞: 太陽能，反滲透，水處理

Abstract:Currently, pumps in reverse osmosis systems are running under very high pressure, usually more than 1.8Mpa, consuming high energy and having low operation safty and reliability. Meanwhile, the higher the pressure, the more serious the membrane compaction is, and it is irreversible. Therefore, to reduce the operation pressure under the condition of meeting the requirements of water quality and quantity of reverse osmosis systems is of great significance to extend membrane’s life, to save energy and to improve the operational safety and reliability of equipments.

　　　In this paper, we research the effects of inlet temperature and operating pressure on the reverse osmosis system. The inlet water are tap-water, CaCl2 solution, NaCl solution and NaHCO3 solution, the water temperature are respectively 20℃, 25℃, 30℃, 35℃, operating pressure are 0.5MPa, 0.7MPa, 0.9Mpa and 1.1Mpa. Under differrent operation conditons, we studied the variation of water production, recovery rate and desalination rate and arrived at the conclusion: when water temperature increases, water production and recovery rate increase, but desalination rate declines; when pressure increases, water production, recovery rate increase and desalination rate all increse.

　　　According to experimental results, we designed a set of 10m3/h of solar reverse osmosis system, and calculate the parameters of each part. In the system, solar energy is used to appropriately increase the water temperature, and to lower the operation pressure without reducing the water production, so as to lower power consumption and to improve equipment operation safety and reliability. Purified water with high temperature can meet the requirements of boiler feed water,and can reduce the standard coal used to heat boiler feed water, thereby reducing the smoke produced by coal combustion, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide and other environmental pollutants, so the system has good environmental, economic and social benefits.

Keyword: solar energy，reverse osmosis，water treatment

　　　工業發達國家的鍋爐耗水量一般占第三位，僅次于冷卻水和產品處理。因此鍋爐是耗水大戶。作為火電汽輪發電機組的重要組成部分，電廠鍋爐補給水系統在運行中需要較高品質的水，其補給水常來源于地表水、地下水、沿海及缺淡水的地區還常以海水更甚至污水為補給水源。因此補給水處理技術直接影響到機組的平穩、可靠運行。

鍋爐給水處理又稱爐外水處理，其主要內容包括原水預處理，除去水源水中的懸浮物質、膠體雜質和有機物等，并對凈化水進行脫鹽脫氣處理。從可持續發展的戰略出發，以近年提出的綠色化學新概念為基礎，消滅污染源頭的綠色鍋爐水處理技術應當成為21世紀鍋爐水處理發展的中心戰略。