摘要:本研究是針對(duì)乳腺癌患者，從自我意象角度，分析女性體態(tài)變化對(duì)心理影響的一個(gè)質(zhì)化研究。我們選擇了2名乳腺癌術(shù)后患者，對(duì)其進(jìn)行了半結(jié)構(gòu)式訪談，根據(jù)自我意象的相關(guān)理論，探討了乳腺癌術(shù)后患者的體態(tài)變化對(duì)其心理狀況的影響，并在此基礎(chǔ)上，有針對(duì)性地提出了促進(jìn)乳腺癌病人術(shù)后康復(fù)、提高其自我意象水平的幾點(diǎn)措施。

    本研究的結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：乳腺癌術(shù)后患者的焦慮、抑郁水平高于健康人群，并與自我意象水平呈負(fù)相關(guān)。乳腺癌術(shù)后患者的自我意象水平普遍低于健康人群，影響乳腺癌患者自我意象水平的因素包括年齡因素、經(jīng)濟(jì)因素、婚姻因素、化療次數(shù)、手術(shù)方式的選擇等。

    據(jù)此，我們建議：(1)在臨床工作中加強(qiáng)對(duì)自我意象紊亂的篩查，對(duì)自我意象紊亂的患者進(jìn)行護(hù)理干預(yù)，尤其要注意年紀(jì)輕、經(jīng)濟(jì)條件差、對(duì)婚姻不滿、配偶的態(tài)度差、對(duì)術(shù)后性生活不滿意的患者。(2)通過(guò)護(hù)理干預(yù)，指導(dǎo)患者減輕焦慮抑郁，提高自我意象水平。

關(guān)鍵詞：  乳腺癌  自我意象  質(zhì)化研究

Abstract:This research is a qualitative research aims at the body image to breast cancer patients after surgery in the society．Through structured interviews, the author chose two breast cancer patients to explore the factors related to body image in breast cancer patients after surgery and identify the relationship between posture change and psychological situation. Meanwhile, the study tries to reveal the postoperative rehabilitation measures to instruct clients.

　　　According to the results of the study, the level of anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients after surgery was higher than that of the healthy people and negatively corrected with the level of body image． The level of body image in breast cancer after surgery was lower than that of the healthy people．The related factors which are corrected with the level of body image include age, wealth, marriage, chemotherapy times and the way of surgery.

　　　It is necessary to care more about those who are younger women, lower average income, dissatisfaction with stature，marriage，spouse and sexual life after surgery．Nurses should do some intervention to guide patients to relieve themselves and elevate their body image．

Key words：Breast cancer, body image, a qualitative research

　　　通過(guò)本研究，我們希望可以從自我意象角度，探討乳腺癌術(shù)后患者的體態(tài)變化對(duì)其心理狀況的影響，并深入研究影響自我意象水平的相關(guān)因素，了解不同時(shí)間的自我意象水平，并采取相關(guān)措施有針對(duì)性地指導(dǎo)病人的術(shù)后康復(fù)，減輕她們的心理壓力，重建她們對(duì)自我意象的認(rèn)識(shí)，增強(qiáng)對(duì)社會(huì)的適應(yīng)能力。在一定程度上，不僅對(duì)提高乳腺癌患者的生存質(zhì)量具有重要的臨床意義，也有利于臨床心理醫(yī)生，提高自身素質(zhì)水平，為制定有效的自我意象紊亂的干預(yù)措施提供理論依據(jù)。同時(shí)，本研究資料對(duì)乳腺癌患者健康教育的實(shí)施也可以起到一定的指導(dǎo)作用。