摘　要:鋼鐵具有強(qiáng)度高、韌性好、易加工和焊接等特性，所以它是一種優(yōu)良的結(jié)構(gòu)材料也是用途最廣泛的金屬材料，人類使用的金屬中，鋼鐵占90％以上。此外，由于鐵礦石貯藏豐富，便于冶煉和加工，可以進(jìn)行大規(guī)模工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)，因此鋼鐵一直是經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、社會(huì)發(fā)展的重要物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)，成為了國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)，是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)。鋼鐵產(chǎn)量往往是衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家工業(yè)化水平和生產(chǎn)能力的重要標(biāo)志，鋼鐵質(zhì)量和品種對(duì)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的其他工業(yè)部門產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量都有著極大的影響。我國(guó)雖然是一個(gè)鋼鐵大國(guó)，但并不是一個(gè)鋼鐵強(qiáng)國(guó)，因此我們?cè)谛藿ㄤ撹F廠的同時(shí)要加大高新技術(shù)的投入，改進(jìn)現(xiàn)有的設(shè)備和技術(shù)。

　　　隨著制氧技術(shù)的發(fā)展及煉鋼的需要，現(xiàn)在已普遍使用氧氣頂吹轉(zhuǎn)爐（也有側(cè)吹轉(zhuǎn)爐）。這種轉(zhuǎn)爐的氧化劑是高壓工業(yè)純氧，反應(yīng)更為劇烈，能進(jìn)一步提高生產(chǎn)效率和鋼的質(zhì)量。其優(yōu)點(diǎn)有：吹煉速度快、生產(chǎn)率高；品種多、質(zhì)量好；原材料消耗少、熱效率高、成本低；基建投資省、建設(shè)速度快；氧氣頂吹轉(zhuǎn)爐容易與連續(xù)鑄鋼相匹配等等。因此要提高原材料使用率，降低能耗，減少污染，高效生產(chǎn)高質(zhì)量鋼材轉(zhuǎn)爐煉鋼是勢(shì)在必行，與此同時(shí)對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)爐煉鋼車間的科學(xué)合理布置及科學(xué)的設(shè)計(jì)也是非常重要的。

關(guān)鍵詞：鋼鐵    轉(zhuǎn)爐煉鋼    氧氣頂?shù)讖?fù)吹轉(zhuǎn)爐    設(shè)計(jì)

ABSTRACT:Steel with high strength, good toughness, easy processing and welding and other features, so it is an excellent structural material is the most versatile materials, human use of metals, iron and steel accounted for 90% or more. In addition, storage of iron ore rich, easy to smelting and processing, can be a large-scale industrial production, so the steel has been the economic and social development, an important material foundation, has become a pillar industry of national economy, is the leading industry in national economy. Steel production is often the measure of a country's industrialization level and an important indicator of productivity, quality and variety of steel and other industrial sectors to the national economy the quality of products has a great impact. Although China is a steel big country, but not a steel power country, so we build steel plant in the same time to increase investment in high technology to improve existing equipment and technology.

　　　With the oxygen steelmaking technology development and the need is now widely used BOF (and there are also side-blown converter.).This converter is a high-pressure industrial pure oxygen as oxidant, the reaction is more violent, can further improve production efficiency and quality of steel. Its advantages are: blowing speed, high productivity; variety, good quality; raw materials consumption, thermal efficiency, low cost; infrastructure investment, building speed; BOF easy to match with the continuous casting and so on. Therefore, to improve the utilization of raw materials, reduce energy consumption, reduce pollution, and efficient production of high quality steel, steelmaking is imperative, while BOF workshop on scientific and rational and scientific layout design is also very important.

Keywords:  Steel    Converter steel-making    Top and bottom blowing oxygen converter     Design