摘 要

　　　查爾斯.狄更斯是19世紀英國最杰出的批判現實主義作家之一。他的作品反映了維多利亞時代的社會現實，小說中處處洋溢著人道主義精神。其后期作品《遠大前程》更是一部懲惡揚善的佳作。小說主要講述了主人公匹普的性格成長歷程。

　　　本論文將從三個階段來分析匹普的性格發展。童年的匹普是善良、純真的。喬就是他學習的好榜樣。盡管與虛偽的喬夫人和潘波趣相處，但匹普善良的本性并沒受到污染。救了馬格韋契后匹普就變得敏感，他的內心充滿罪惡感，良心備受折磨。另外，有限的教育條件對于匹普性格的形成也產生了不良的影響。匹普赴倫敦之前認識了郝薇香與艾斯黛拉。他的價值觀就在此時發生了變化。他開始為自己的出身感到羞恥并渴望過上等人的生活。在匹普的成長時期，當賈格斯告訴他有人想把他培養成上等人的時候，匹普就開始變得忘恩負義。匹普在倫敦的生活極盡奢華，此時的匹普虛榮、虛偽、勢利。然而，匹普的本性依然善良，只是他走了歪路。馬格韋契歸來后，匹普的遠大前程幻滅了。這預示著匹普善良本性的完全復蘇以及其性格的成熟。盡管很多人已對匹普的性格發展作了不同層面的詳盡分析,但幾乎很少有人從弗洛伊德的人格結構理論進行解讀, 但可以看出匹普的成長和發展呈現出了人格結構理論的特點，因此本文試借助該理論對《遠大前程》主人公匹普的發展重新解讀。根據弗洛伊德的理論,一個完整的人格結構分為:本我,自我和超我。在個體成長過程中,這三者并非同時出現,而是呈現出相互派生之關系,即本我中產生自我,自我中又產生超我。總的來說，本論文旨在從心理學家弗洛伊德的“三重人格結構”本我、自我、超我的理論分析《遠大前程》中主人公匹普性格發展所經歷的三個階段以揭示小說家所要表達的道德主題，并在幫助年輕大學生樹立正確價值觀方面給予一定的啟發。 

關鍵詞： 匹普；性格發展；人格結構

Abstract

　　　Charles Dickens was one of the most outstanding English realistic novelists in 19 century. His works reflected the social reality of Victoria era and his novels were permeated with the spirit of humanitarianism. For example, his work Great Expectations canonizes the good and punishes the evil. Throughout the novel Great Expectations, the main character Pip’s character and personality goes through some transformations. This paper discusses Pip’s character development from three representative stages. In his childhood, Pip is kind and innocent. He is unaware of his social class. Pip is content with what he has and who he knows. Joe is a good model example for Pip. Pip can keep his good nature, though Miss Gargery and Pumble chook have bad influence on him. Magwitch’s appearance makes Pip a sensitive boy. Pip often feels guilty. In addition, the limited education also has an undesirable influence on the formation of Pip’s character. Before he heads for London, he meets new people from different classes, including Miss Harvisham and Estella, his sense of worth changes at this time. He starts to feel ashamed of his family, and long for another kind of life, the gentleman’s life. In Pip’s youth, Mr. Jaggers tells Pip the fact that someone wants to make Pip a gentleman, Pip becomes ungrateful to his old friends. In London, Pip leads a luxurious life. Pip becomes a vain person. He is snobbish and false. He does not live happily. However, Pip has some new friends in London, such as Herbert and Wemmick. In this period, Pip keeps a percentage of his original good nature. Pip’s character in this stage is rather complicated. Magwitch’s coming back indicates the disillusion of Pip’s great expectations. Pip’s conscience wakes in this period. He becomes a noble-minded person, which means the maturity of Pip’s character.  

　　　Although many people have made detailed analysis on Pip’s character development from different perspectives, few of them make the analysis from the perspective of Freud’s theory of personality structure. However, we can find the embodiment of the structural model in Pip’s character development. So this paper will make a different interpretation on Pip’s character development according to the theory. According to Freud’s structural model, a complete personality structure includes: Id, ego and super-ego. In the process of an individual’s development, Id, ego and super-ego do not appear at the same time, but demonstrate the relationship of derivation from each other. That is, ego is derived from Id, and super-ego is derived from ego. In a word, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the three periods of Pip’s character development according to Freud’s structural model in order to reveal the moral theme that Dickens would like to show. This paper also gives enlightenment to the undergraduates who are forming their values.     

Key words：Pip, character development, structural model

注：本文全文為英語所寫的英語論文。只有摘要是中英雙語，全文為英文。