論詞綴法對詞匯記憶的影響

Influence of Affixation on Vocabulary Memorization

摘 要

　　　詞匯在英語學習的過程中起著至關重要的作用，在某種意義，語言學習者的語言能力取決于其詞匯量的大小及對詞匯的運用，而詞匯的記憶又是詞匯運用的基礎。而中國的學生面臨的現實卻是他們在記憶英語上所花費的時間與其所能記憶的詞匯量之間相差懸殊，投入高，產出低，效率抵下。因而如何提高英語單詞的意義效率和保持率成了他們英語學習必須解決的重要現實問題。國內外的研究表明明確的詞匯記憶策略制定有助于二語/外語詞匯的學習和記憶。隨著人類對語言本質規律認識的深入，人們已經認識到詞匯是語言最重要的要素之一。語言學家威爾金斯（Wilkins ,1976）說；“沒有語法，人們可表達的東西寥寥無幾，而沒有詞匯則什么也不能表達”威多森(Widdowson)曾指出，在語言環境豐富的情況下，詞匯和語法的交際功能相比，詞匯是主要的，語法是次要的。只有在語境相對貧乏的情況下，語法對語言的輸出和理解才起比較大的作用（轉引自Carter&McCarthy,1988）.在他看來，語法的作用是調節性的，與詞匯相比，它是服務于詞匯的，詞匯表達實際意義，語法表達關系意義。黒尼斯(Hayness)和貝克（Baker）認為二語學習者最大的困難不是閱讀技巧，而是詞匯量不夠（轉引自楊春紅，2004：381）。當今的語言習得理論甚至認為語言學習的概念將可以和詞匯學習的概念互換。也就是說，語言的學習就是詞匯的學習，詞匯的學習就是語言的學習

關鍵詞:詞匯；構詞；詞綴

Abstract

　　　Vocabulary plays a very important part in the English language learning ,which in a sense determines whether a language learner can develop their language competence .However ,the reality for Chinese students is that they have never stopped memorizing vocabulary ,but compared with the vocabulary that they can recall ,their efforts seem in vain .On the other hand, some researches show that explicit instruction on vocabulary learning strategies are found to facilitate second /foreign language vocabulary learning and recall . As human increasing understanding the nature of language in-depth, people have realized that vocabulary is the most important elements of the language. Without grammar very little can be conveyed; without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed (Wilkins, 1976) .Widdowson also said that In the case of a rich language environment, compared with vocabulary and grammar of the communicative function, vocabulary is more important than syntax. Only in the context of the relatively poor circumstances, the output of the syntax of the language and understanding of the role it played relatively large role. (Carter&McCarthy, 1988) In his opinion, the function of grammar is regulatory. Compared with the vocabulary, it is serving the vocabulary, the vocabulary to express the real meaning, grammatical express the relationship meaning. Hayness and Baker think that second Language Learners greatest difficulty is not reading skills, but their poor vocabulary.( Yangchunhong 2004：381) Today's language acquisition theory, even thought that the concept of language learning will be able to swap the places with learning the concepts of vocabulary ,that is to say, Language learning is vocabulary learning, vocabulary learning is language learning.　

Key words：vocabulary; word-formation; affix

注：本文全文為英語所寫的英語論文。只有摘要是中英雙語，全文為英文。