論美國俚語的特征

On Features of American Slang

摘 要

　　　美國俚語是一種在非正式場合下使用非常廣泛的口語形式。隨著時代發展，俚語越來越多地為美國人所接受。語言是文化的載體，如果不了解美國俚語這種在當代美國使用非常廣泛的口語形式，對美國文化的了解也是相對膚淺的。

　　　埃里克的《俚語今昔》是俚語著作中較為權威和悠久的。該著作詳細介紹了俚語的歷史，并對俚語詞類進行了系統的分類整理和深入解釋，具有一定參考價值。然而其研究重點是字詞本身，而非從語言的角度的對俚語進行總體研究。本論文則從語言學的角度,對俚語的語義、修辭和語用三個方面的特征進行深入分析,從而體驗俚語極強表現力和生命力，以及美國人風趣幽默, 富有創造性的民族特征, 期望可以幫助學習者對美國俚語有一個全面的認識,以便更好地了解美國社會和文化，促進跨文化溝通與交流。

關鍵詞: 美國俚語;語言;特點

Abstract

　　　American slang is a kind of colloquial speech used extensively on informal occasions. Slang is gradually accepted by more and more Americans with the development of modern times. Language is the carrier of culture. It is impossible to fully master American culture without perfect understanding of slang—a prevailing form of oral speech in current America. 

　　　One of the time-honored and authoritative publications is Slang Today and Yesterday written by Eric Partridge. The valuable reference book introduced the history of slang in details and classified slang words into systematical categories. However, what it mainly focuses on was merely certain slang words without giving further profound linguistic analysis. This thesis intends to analyze American slang in linguistic perspective. Semantic, rhetoric and pragmatic features are discussed in details to display the expressiveness as well as vigor in slang. We can learn from the thesis that American people are creative and full of sense of humor. It is sincerely hoped that the study presents us reference to comprehensive understanding of American slang as well as culture and facilitate cross-cultural communication.

Key Words: American slang; language; features

注：本文全文為英語所寫的英語論文。只有摘要是中英雙語，全文為英文。