譯文（字?jǐn)?shù) 7059）：

設(shè)立中公司合同在法律中確定性的承諾

——普南普里 

引言

加拿大的公司法法律法規(guī)一般規(guī)定，公司在其注冊證書被政府機構(gòu)出具之前是不存在的。然而，在許多情況下，發(fā)起人（指那些在合并某公司或誰打算這樣做的過程中的人）可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)有必要或希望與第三方代表在公司成立之前簽訂合同。這些合同可以包括租賃或購買房地產(chǎn)和設(shè)備，雇用關(guān)鍵員工，安排融資，排隊，或鎖定客戶。

在實踐中，大多數(shù)設(shè)立中公司合同不會給那些打算直接獲益的當(dāng)事人造成任何困難。在正常情況下，一旦公司被合并，公司和第三方履行合同。然而，當(dāng)公司不能成立，或公司成立但拒絕履行合同時，關(guān)系到當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利和責(zé)任的法律難題就會出現(xiàn)。在這種情況下，下列問題必須得到解決：在何種程度上是發(fā)起人承擔(dān)責(zé)任？在合同中對公司有什么責(zé)任？當(dāng)存在責(zé)任時，是發(fā)起人免除責(zé)任？還是根據(jù)政策來確定是否有發(fā)起人或第三方必須承擔(dān)損失的風(fēng)險？

外文原文（字符數(shù) 24337）：

The Promise of Certainty in the Law of Pre-Incorporation Contracts.

----Poonam Puri*

Introduction

Corporate law statutes in Canada generally provide that a corporation does not come into existence until its certificate of incorporation has been issued by the appropriate government agency. However, in many cases, promoters (individuals who are in the process of incorporating a company or who intend to do so) may find it necessary or desirable to enter into contracts with third parties on behalf of the corporation prior to its incorporation. Such contracts may include leasing or purchasing real property and equipment, hiring key employees, arranging financing, lining up suppliers, or locking-in clients.

In practice, most pre-incorporation contracts cause no difficulty for the parties who intend to benefit directly from them. In the normal course of events, once the corporation is incorporated, both the corporation and the third party perform on the contract. However, when the corporation does not come into existence, or comes into existence but refuses to adopt a contract, difficult legal issues arise in relation to the rights and liabilities of the parties. In these situations, the following questions must be resolved: To what extent is the promoter liable on the contract? To what extent is the corporation liable on the contract? When, if at all, is the promoter relieved from liability? The policy issue, of course, is whether the promoter or the third party must bear the risk of loss.