譯文（字數 3063）

侵犯商譽權；南非案例中的基本法律原則

作者: 凡德爾莫維安德利

出版物來源：《法律》 ，2013年，46（4）：1039-1055

1 介紹

在南非案例中，侵犯商譽權這種不合法的行為已經通過現有的南非法律處理過很多種類似如此的情況。法院已相應的確定了一些情況引起的賠償責任的處罰法規。其中最著名的一些象征性的侵權案件，例如假冒的他人設計的標記或圖案等。

對于發現不合法競爭的責任認定需要第一個行動或實施的人對另一個采取同樣操作的人進行指控。要評估一個特定的行為是否會引起法律責任，當然如果其侵犯行為還滿足其他非法條件通常會涉及到對以已確定判例法為背景對其可申訴的可能性進行有效的評估。

很明顯的這種情況會導致不合法競爭的責任不是源于物權法定原則，但是法院會在法律原則上對其解釋進行不斷的擴充。要使之形成普通法律的一部分，通過法庭上出現爭議的頻率來擴充解釋是很慢的。

外文原文（字符數 10457）

Infringement of the right to goodwill; the basic legal principles in relation to South African case law

Author Andres Vander Merowe

Publication source《De Jure》, 2013, 46(4): 1039-1055.

1 Introduction

Infringement of the right to goodwill as a requirement in proving a conduct of unlawful competition under South African common law has been dealt with under a variety of situations in South African case law. The courts have accordingly identified a number of circumstances that give rise to liability. The most well-known of these is an infringement of a symbol such as a mark or device by way of an action of “passing off”.

A finding of liability on the grounds of unlawful competition requires as first step an act or conduct by a person that is alleged by another to be actionable. Assessing whether a specific act will give rise to liability, naturally if all the other dialectal requirements are met, will normally involve its assessment against the backdrop of the actionable circumstances that have been identified in case law.