摘要:中學生在電學概念的理解中存在著困難,主要有兩方面的原因，即抽象概念的理解和以抽象概念為基礎的邏輯推理。概念是推理和判斷的基礎，離開了基本的概念理解，正確的推理和判斷就成了“無源之水，無本之木”。科學概念的掌握是學生應用電學知識解決問題的前提，因此了解學生對電學概念的掌握情況，他們在理解概念過程中所使用的方法和策略，以及他們對概念的理解存在的困難等，能幫助我們找到一條有效地改進傳統教學的途徑。文中提出了兩種科學思維方法幫助學生提高學習和掌握概念的能力。借鑒國內外電學研究的方法和題型，設計了能夠了解學生掌握基本電學概念現狀的問卷，并通過調查問卷和實際臨床訪談，了解學生在理解抽象概念時所用的策略和思考抽象概念時的思維特點及規律，發現學生面臨的共同的困難和教學當中可能存在的問題和這兩種思維方法對學生學習起到的作用。在此基礎上，對物理教學、教材、和課程改革提出一些建議。

關鍵詞：中學物理電學；理解策略；調查問卷；臨床訪談；建議

ABSTRACT:Middle school students in electrical in understanding of the concept of the difficulties, there are two major reasons, namely the abstract concept of in an abstract concept and the basis of logic reasoning. Concept is the foundation of reasoning and judgment, leaving the basic concepts, the correct reasoning and judgment became "like, non-existent". Scientific concept of master is the student application electrical knowledge to solve the problems in the premise, so understanding of the concept of students to electrical masters, they understand the concept in process of the use of the method and strategy and on their understanding of the concept of the difficulties, etc, and it can help us find a effectively improve traditional teaching way. This paper put forward two scientific thinking method to help students improve the learning and ability to grasp the concept. Electricity from the domestic and foreign research methods and questions, the design can understand the students master the basic concept of electricity of the present situation of the questionnaire, and through the questionnaire and actual clinical access, understand a student in understanding abstract concepts in the use of the strategy and think about abstract concepts thinking characteristics and laws, found that students face the common difficulties and teaching of the possible problems and the two kinds of thinking method to study the role of students play. On the basis of physical teaching, the teaching material, put forward some Suggestions and curriculum reform.

Keywords: Middle school physics electrical；comprehension strategy；questionnaire；clinical interview；suggestion